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| The Climate |
The winter at the lake’s bank lasts average 166 days. About 80% of 132 mm of the winter precipitation fall before January. The cover of snow on the lakeside valleys is 39-72 cm deep, average 54 cm. In the mountainous-forest belt the emount of snow is 62 to 103 cm, in the sub-alpine belt – 121 to 189 cm, in the alpine belt – 258 to 246 cm. In the cold season the north-east bank of Baikal is exposed to the eastsiberian anticyclone, thank to which the middle of winter in the reservation is characteristic of serene calm weather with little precipitation and lots of sunny days. The transition from snowfalls to frosts usually coinsides in time with Baikal getting ice-bound, which happens around January,1. The average daily temperature of January is –22.7° , of Fabruay –22.8° . The duration of summer at the lake’s banks is 79 days. The frost-free period lasts 67 days. The last frosts happen in June, the first – in August. The average daily temperature of June is +11.8° , the one of August is +12.6° . The average annual emount of precipitation at the bank at Davshe settlement is 407.6 mm. In summer about 153 mm of rain fall out, most of them usually take place in the second half of July and August. The ice at the Reservation’s banks of Baikal disappears in the first decade of June. The low temperature of the lake’s water favours to the fogs, that appear over the Baikal’s surface in the first part of summer after each rain. In summer, as the result of the cooling influence of Baikal, the seasonal development of plants on the banks retards for 10-15 days in comparison with the places in a several kilometres’ distance from the lake.
Against this background the crop failures of the coniferous woods’ seeds and also of various fruits and berries became more frequent. That is caused by the instability of the weather conditions in the beginning of summer.
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The
regular observations at the Bargusin National Reservation cover the period of time from
the end of the 30-s, but the most complete data was received in the second half of the XX
century. Nowadays the Reservation disposes practically uninterrupted sequences of
observations during 45-30 years in a row. 
The relative humidity of the air on the Reservation’s territory
is quite high. At the banks its average monthly indices fluctuate from 75 to 85%. The
wind-free days around Baikal make only 19% a year, but the average annual wind speed
doesn’t exceed 2.5 mps. The most strong winds happen in late autumn and early winter.
57% of gale force winds fall on the period from October to December. The climatic
characteristics of the National Reservation is given according to the data by the Davsha
settlement’s meteorological station, placed on the bank of Lake Baikal . The
peculiarities of the climate of the far-from-the-banks areas are yet poorly studied.
Finishing the climatic characteristic of the region we should notice the significant
changes, that took place in the last few decades. According to M.A. Feodorova’s
observations, a considerable rise in temperature occured. The winter became shorter and
milder. The amount of winter precipitation decreased, and the amount of summer
precipitation increased. Summer became about 25 days longer. The average annual
temperature rised for 1° C, but at the same time the late-spring and summer frosts grew
more frequent. Though, while figuring out the average many-year indices, covering the
whole period of observation, these changes smooth out, but the tendency is obvious.