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The reservation – history of creation |
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The complex researches lasted for two years. The Barguzin reservation began to exist
officially in 1916 on their ground. However various valuable materials collected by the
expedition were published only 10 years after the completion of the field researches in
the book “The sable field on the north-eastern Baikal coast” (1926). The first years of the reservation existence coincided with the revolution period, the
Civil war and the post-war ruin. In a critical situation when it was necessary to keep the reservation from plundering and sables from the utter extermination, the scientific researches apparently were relegated to the background. The extant materials of those years are rather poor. In April 1916 K.A. Zabelin was sent from Petrograd to Sosnovka to be a manager of the reservation. K.A. Zabelin managed the operational site in the reservation his last years of life and he died in 1934. Zabelin’s scientific interests lied basically in the field of practical hunting. In September-November 1932 the Barguzin expedition of AURITH (All-Union Research Institute of Trade hunting) worked in the reservation and its adjoined territory, organizing the special hunting arranging. The results of this activity were set up in the report “Sable” in 1932. They characterized the number and the distribution of the sable. The report is kept as a manuscript in the Archives of the reservation. N.V. Nekipelov conducted the examination in summer and autumn 1933 in the Upper Bolshaya Cheremshana River. The results of this work are set up by the author in the manuscript “To the problem of the sable ecology in the high-mountainous part of the Barguzin ridge”, which is situated in the Barguzin reservation. In 1933-1934 on the Barguzin reservation territory the biopoint of Irkutsk branch of AURITH was organized. The zoologist V.K. Timofeev worked in the reservation in 1935-1937. In 1947 he published the article according to the results of the researches on a subject “The ecology of the Barguzin sable”. It was a noticeable contribution to the studying of the Barguzin sable, but unfortunately still much in the beast ecology remained vague. In the late thirties the scientific worker of the reservation I.N. Korneev continued the sable researches. He personally conducted the examination of lands in the Kabanskiy region in Buryatia with the purpose of the sable reacclimatization and prepared appropriate recommendations. In 1940-1941 B.F. Belyshev was busy with the researches on the sable ecology. Having worked up the archive material he prepared the articles “The materials on reproduction of the Barguzin sable” (1950) and “To a early-spring feeding of the Barguzin sable”. The Patriotic war has interrupted for a long time many scientific researches in the reservation. The serious work on sable was resumed only in the fifties. In the period from 1957 till 1959 the subject “The locations of the Barguzin sable and peculiarities of its density distribution” was studied in the reservation. By the sixties the number of the sable in the USSR was so restored that from the infrequent disappearing beast it became one of the main objects of trade hunting. The considerable progress in the work was shown after the wide using of the capture sables alive and marking them by different marks. This technique has allowed taking the samples from the sable population of the reservation, observing their physiological condition and the development of young animals. During last decades some other biologists took part in the sable studying. In particular from 1981 till 1985 the director of the reservation G.A. Yankus took part in the subjects “The analysis of the structure of the Barguzin sable population and its biotopical allocation” and “Working out of the scientific fundamentals of the preservation, reproduction and rational usage of the Barguzin sable populations”. The seventies are characterized by the mass enthusiasm among the biologists with ideas of A.L. Chizhevskiy (1976) about the repetition of the diverse biological phenomena in the earth biosphere, connected with the cosmic factors and, in particular, with the periodicity of solar activity. This tendency was reflected in the works dedicated to the dynamics of the Barguzin sable number. In conclusion it is necessary to say that notwithstanding the considerable progress in the field of the sable studying still much remains vague in its biology and ecology. The new perfect techniques and great work of the thoughtful researchers, disinterestedly devoted to business, are demanded.
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The dark
sables of the north-eastern coast of Baikal known as Barguzin long since attracted the
attention of hunters and fur sellers. However, the systematic studying of the sables of
this region began only in 1914 from the coming to Baikal of the expedition of G.G.
Doppelmair.
The small number and
inaccessibility of the sable have not allowed the members of the Barguzin expedition to
collect enough information about the sable’s living. As an auxiliary method of the
solution of the problem it has been decided to create the sable nursery in Sosnovka in
1915. The difficulties with financing and the isolation from the nearest settlements
resulted after all in the refusal to have the nursery in the reservation, and it is
created near Barguzin village once again.
The reservation future was under the threat in such a complicated situation
with the absence of the required financing.