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| Nature – the general information |
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The physical geographic conditions According to the generally accepted scheme the territory of the reservation belongs to the Baikal region goltsis-mountainous-taiga province and the Baikal lake trough, which are included into the Dzhugdzhurskya mountainous-taiga area. The region differs by the complexity of its geologic structure and parentage. A chain of the mountainous ridges surrounds the enormous Baikal trough stretching at the boundary between the Baikal Hills and the Middle-Siberian plateau. Among them the Barguzin ridge is remarkable for its absolute heights (up to 3000 m).
The axial part of the ridge within the Barguzin reservation consists of sedimentary-crystalline and eruptive intrusive rocks, among which prevail the granites in many places.
Middle-altitude heights from 600 up to 1250 m take about 30% of the reservation territory. The plateaus with smooth or undulating surface also can be met. The central part of the ridge is split by the intricate system of the deep valleys with rather narrow rocky watersheds. The gravel mines, wreckages of rocks, erosive troughs are numerous on the steep slopes. Eleven big and small rivers with many tributaries take their beginning on the Barguzin ridge slopes and create a dense hydrographic system of the reservation. The upper reaches of the river valleys represent usually the typical cotyloid enlarged sections and have a local name of “court yards”. By their parentage it is the trogs – the valleys of the ancient glaciers. The deep troughs are usually plunged into the sides of the trogs. The troughs of the glacial period, filled with water, have given the beginning to the numerous high-mountainous lakes at the sources of the rivers and to the lakes in the piedmonts stretch. There are the outlets of the thermal springs with the temperature in some of them above 70’C in the places of tectonic fractures in the valleys of the Ezovka, Bolshaya, Talamush and Davshe Rivers. In the belt of Baikal plains the vast areas are occupied with the peat glue bogs. The different types of zonal landscapes border in the Baikal trough. The Middle-Siberian taiga in the West, the East-Siberian forests with the Daurian larch in the East and North-East, the Mongolian steppe and forest-steppe in the South, rising to Baikal, quite often make a parti-colored mosaic. The altitude of water surface in Davshe region is 456 m bsl. The Baikal shores are rather varied: sometimes the steep slopes break in lake; large-boulder mines can be met less often, the rocks – even less often. On the territory of the reservation in the Alpine belt the mountain-meadow mountain-tundra soils are spread, in the alpestrine belt - the mountain-forest turf-humus soils. In the upper reaches of the forest belt (up to 1400 m) the mountain-forest soils are widely spread, the mountain-forest turf-humus soils are also found. In the lower reaches of the forest belt the humus soils are spread in the larch-pine forests, in the cedar and deciduous forests – the humus ïîäçîëèñòûå ãëååâàòûå soils, on the Baikal plain on the considerable area – the peat bog soils. The north-eastern Baikal coast differs by the severe continental climate. In this region the sharply expressed features of the East-Siberian climate are combined with the peculiarities, which the Baikal proximity gives. The features of marine climate prevail here in summer and autumn. The continentality feels sharply in winter when Baikal is covered with ice. In comparison with the neighboring dry land the winter temperature on the Baikal coast is 5-8’C higher, and in summer it is 4-6’C lower. The diurnal and annual amplitudes of the temperatures are notably flattened.
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The general information of the natural climatic conditions of the
Barguzin reservation
The main shapes of a
modern relief of the north-eastern Baikal region formed at the end of the Pliocene and at
the beginning of the Quaternary when under the influence of the tectonic motions of the
earth crust there was the raising of the Barguzin ridge and simultaneously the deepening
of the Baikal trough.
The maximum mark of the
heights for the reservation territory is 2652 m bsl. The main watershed ridge is
remarkable for clearly expressed Alpine shapes. The hills with the absolute heights of
1250 m and more make the main body of the reservation relief. There are no real glaciers
on the Barguzin ridge, but the heaps of snow accumulating on the northern slopes in
separate places have no time to thaw till new winter.